Greater Total Antioxidant Capacity Research Articles

Fertility-associated biochemical components in seminal plasma and serum of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) bulls.

The present study looks for components in seminal plasma (SP) and/or serum that are closely related to in vivo fertility of buffalo bulls. Fourteen healthy mature buffalo bulls were classified according to their in vivo fertility into fertile (n = 10) and subfertile (n = 4) groups. Semen and serum samples were collected from all animals for 12 replicates. The collected ejaculates were examined for sperm characteristics before being centrifuged to collect SP for hormonal (FSH, LH, testosterone, and IGF-1), biochemical [total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), fructose, total protein, albumin, triglycerides, cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)] and proteomic (SDS-PAGE) analyses. Likewise, serum levels of FSH, LH, testosterone, IGF-1, glucose, total protein, albumin, triglycerides, cholesterol, and HDL were determined. All sperm characteristics and the majority of sperm kinematics were (P < 0.01) different between fertile and subfertile groups. Seminal and serum levels of FSH, LH, testosterone, and IGF-1 were higher (P < 0.01) in the fertile group, but only seminal fructose, total protein, albumin, triglycerides, cholesterol, and HDL were higher (P < 0.01) in the fertile group. Moreover, the fertile group had greater TAC, CAT, GPx, and NO, but the subfertile group had greater MDA. Protein bands of 14, 15, 26, 30, and 55 kDa were larger and denser in the SP of the fertile group but were smaller and faint to absent in that of the subfertile group. Also, the protein fractions of detected protein bands demonstrated a substantial influence of fertility on those of 16, 26, 30, and 55 kDa. In conclusion, sperm characteristics and kinematics with serum, and/or seminal hormonal and biochemical components, should be evaluated for reliable prediction of buffalo bull fertility. Furthermore, protein bands of 26, 30, and 55 kDa may represent fertility-associated proteins in buffalo bull SP.

Effects of maternal methionine supplementation on the response of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) chicks to heat stress.

This study investigated the hypothesis that methionine supplementation of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) hens can reduce the effects of oxidative stress and improve the performance of the offspring exposed to heat stress during growth. For that, the quail hens were fed with three diets related to the methionine supplementation: methionine-deficient diet (Md); diet supplemented with the recommended methionine level (Met1); and diet supplemented with methionine above the recommended level (Met2). Their chicks were identified, weighed, and housed according to the maternal diet group from 1 to 14 d of age. On 15 d of age, chicks were weighed and divided into two groups: thermoneutral ambient (constant temperature of 23 °C) and intermittent heat stress ambient (daily exposure to 34 °C for 6 h). Methionine-supplemented (Met1 and Met2) hens had higher egg production, better feed conversion ratio, higher hatchability of total and fertile eggs, and offspring with higher body weight. Supplemented (Met1 and Met2) hens showed greater expression of glutathione synthase (GSS) and methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MSRA) genes, greater total antioxidant capacity, and lower lipid peroxidation in the liver. The offspring of hens fed the Met2 diet had lower death rate (1 to 14 d), higher weight on 15 d of age, weight gain, and better feed conversion ratio from 1 to 14 d of age. Among chicks reared under heat stress, the progeny of methionine-supplemented hens had higher weight on 35 d, weight gain, expression of GSS, MSRA, and thermal shock protein 70 (HSP70) genes, and total antioxidant capacity in the liver, as well as lower heterophil/lymphocyte ratio. Positive correlations between expression of glutathione peroxidase 7 (GPX7) and MSRA genes in hens and offspring were observed. Our results show that maternal methionine supplementation contributes to offspring development and performance in early stages and that, under conditions of heat stress during growth, chicks from methionine-supplemented hens respond better to hot environmental conditions than chicks from nonsupplemented hens. Supplementation of quail hens diets with methionine promoted activation of different metabolic pathways in offspring subjected to stress conditions.

Tribulus terrestris aqueous extract supplementation effects on sperm characteristics and anti-oxidant status during chilled storage of canine semen.

The reduction of spermatozoa survival time is a major problem of canine chilled sperm for artificial insemination. The current study looks at the possible advantages of chilling canine sperm to 4.00 ˚C for three days using Tribulus terrestris aqueous extract (TTAE). Three mixed-breed dogs were utilized to extract 24 ejaculates, which were then diluted in a Tris-based extender. The ejaculates were then divided into five groups including 20.00, 40.00 and 50.00 µg mL-1 of TTAE, sham (distilled water devoid of TTAE) and control (without TTAE) groups. During the three days of experiment, several parameters were measured every 24 hr. It was noticed that after 48 and 72 hr of liquid storage, total and progressive motilities were greater in the group with the 40.00 µg mL-1 TTAE concentration than the control group. Compared to the control group, the group with the 40.00 µg mL-1 TTAE concentration exhibited superior motility and viability. The percentages obtained from the hypo-osmotic swelling test were much greater. In contrast to the control group, DNA integrity was poorer in the 40.00 µg mL-1 TTAE concentration. After 72 hr of storage, the group with 40.00 µg mL-1 TTAE concentration had lower malondialdehyde levels but considerably greater total anti-oxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase levels than the control groups. The current study found that supplementing the semen extender with 40.00 µg mL-1 TTAE improves semen parameters after 72 hr of storage at 4.00 ˚C, and therefore can improve fertilization efficiency.

Comparative Assessment of the Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities of Plicosepalus acacia and Plicosepalus curviflorus: Metabolomic Profiling and In Silico Studies.

This study presents a comparison between two mistletoe plants—P. acacia and P. curviflorus—regarding their total phenolic contents and antioxidant and anticancer activities. P. curviflorus exhibited a higher total phenolics content (340.62 ± 19.46 mg GAE/g extract), and demonstrated higher DPPH free radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 48.28 ± 3.41µg/mL), stronger reducing power (1.43 ± 0.54 mMol Fe+2/g) for ferric ions, and a greater total antioxidant capacity (41.89 ± 3.15 mg GAE/g) compared to P. acacia. The cytotoxic effects of P. acacia and P. curviflorus methanol extracts were examined on lung (A549), prostate (PC-3), ovarian (A2780) and breast (MDA-MB-231) cancer cells. The highest anticancer potential for the two extracts was observed on PC-3 prostate cancer cells, where P. curviflorus exhibited more pronounced antiproliferative activity (IC50 = 25.83 μg/mL) than P. acacia (IC50 = 34.12 μg/mL). In addition, both of the tested extracts arrested the cell cycle at the Pre-G1 and G1 phases, and induced apoptosis. However, P. curviflorus extract possessed the highest apoptotic effect, mediated by the upregulation of p53, Bax, and caspase-3, 8 and 9, and the downregulation of Bcl-2 expression. In the pursuit to link the chemical diversity of P. curviflorus with the exhibited bioactivities, its metabolomic profiling was achieved by the LC-ESI-TOF-MS/MS technique. This permitted the tentative identification of several phenolics—chiefly flavonoid derivatives, beside some triterpenes and sterols—in the P. curviflorus extract. Furthermore, all of the metabolites in P. curviflorus and P. acacia were inspected for their binding modes towards both CDK-2 and EGFR proteins using molecular docking studies in an attempt to understand the superiority of P. curviflorus over P. acacia regarding their antiproliferative effect on PC-3 cancer cells. Docking studies supported our experimental results; with all of this taken together, P. curviflorus could be regarded as a potential prospect for the development of chemotherapeutics for prostate cancer.

Probiotic effect of ferulic acid esterase-producing Lactobacillus plantarum inoculated alfalfa silage on digestion, antioxidant, and immunity status of lactating dairy goats.

A feeding experiment was conducted to determine the effects of inoculating alfalfa silage with a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculum on feed digestibility, rumen fermentation, antioxidant, and immunity status of lactating dairy goats. Twenty dairy goats were distributed into 2 experimental groups consisting of control diet (Lp MTD/1, including Lactobacillus plantarum MTD/1 inoculated silage) against diet containing silage treated with ferulic acid esterase-producing L. plantarum A1 (Lp A1). Alfalfa silage inoculated with a ferulic acid esterase-producing Lp A1 had better fermentation quality than the Lp MTD/1 inoculation. The application of Lp A1 improved silage antioxidant capacity as indicated by greater total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathion peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in Lp A1 treated silage versus Lp MTD/1 treatment. Compared with Lp MTD/1 treated group, inoculation of silage with Lp A1 increased apparent total tract digestibility of dietary dry matter, organic matter and crude protein, and ruminal concentrations of total volatile fatty acids, acetate, propionate and isobutyrate as well. The results of current study also demonstrated improved antioxidant capacity and immune performance of dairy goats with Lp A1 inoculation. Feeding Lp A1-treated silage increased dairy goats' serum antioxidase activity, such as T-AOC, SOD, GSH-Px and catalase, and the serum concentration of immunoglobulin A, while decreased tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-6. In addition, compared with Lp MTD/1, diet containing alfalfa silage inoculated with Lp A1 endowed dairy goats' milk with greater fat and protein contents, improved dairy goat milk quality without affecting feed efficiency.

Outgrowth endothelial progenitor cells restore cerebral barrier function following ischaemic damage: The impact of NOX2 inhibition.

Disruption of blood-brain barrier (BBB), formed mainly by human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs), constitutes the major cause of mortality following ischaemic stroke. This study investigates whether OECs (outgrowth endothelial cells) can restore BBB integrity and function following ischaemic damage and how inhibition of NOX2, a main source of vascular oxidative stress, affects the characteristics of BBB established with OECs and HBMECs in ischaemic settings. In vitro models of human BBB were constructed by co-culture of pericytes and astrocytes with either OECs or HBMECs before exposure to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) alone or followed by reperfusion (OGD + R) in the absence or presence of NOX2 inhibitor, gp91ds-tat. The function and integrity of BBB were assessed by measurements of paracellular flux of sodium fluorescein (NaF) and transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER), respectively. Treatment with OECs during OGD + R effectively restored BBB integrity and function. Compared to HBMECs, OECs possessed lower NADPH oxidase activity, superoxide anion levels and had greater total antioxidant capacity during OGD and OGD + R. Inhibition of NADPH oxidase during OGD and OGD + R restored the integrity and function of BBB established by HBMECs. This was evidenced by reductions in NADPH oxidase activity and superoxide anion levels. In contrast, treatment with gp91ds-tat aggravated ischaemic injury-induced BBB damage constructed by OECs. In conclusion, OECs are more resistant to ischaemic conditions and can effectively repair cerebral barrier following ischaemic damage. Suppression of oxidative stress through specific targeting of NOX2 requires close attention while using OECs as therapeutics.

Supplementing young cattle with a rumen-protected grape extract around vaccination increases humoral response and antioxidant defenses

Vaccination is an important mainstay of biosecurity and disease prevention in livestock farming. Vaccination failures represent an economic burden for the farmer. Polyphenol supplementation, known for its antioxidant properties, could help reduce oxidative damage and improve the success of vaccination. We evaluated the effect of a rumen-protected grape extract (RPGE) supplementation around vaccination on the immune response in young ruminants.22 young female cattle (aged 6 to 8 months), born in the same dairy farm, were randomly divided into 2 groups. One group (BP-O, n = 11) was supplemented with a RPGE (Nor-Grape® BP-O, Nor-Feed, France), whilst a control group (CTL, n = 11) was not. All animals were vaccinated (D14) with an inactivated vaccine against PI-3 V and BRSV. A booster was given 3 weeks later (D35). Supplementation began 15 days before vaccination (D0) and ended 15 days after the last injection (D49). Antibody titers and total antioxidant status (TAS) were performed on blood samples drawn on D0, D35 and D56.Results show that the BP-O group tended to have a greater overall antibody response to BRSV and PI-3 V on D56 (P < 0.10) and PI-3 V titer was significantly higher in the BP-O group on D35 (p < 0.05). A greater total antioxidant capacity (P<0.05 at D56) was also observed in the supplemented group. Results also showed a strong correlation between PI-3 V antibody titers and TAS (p < 0.001).Thus, since supplemented animals became seropositive faster and long-term immunity appeared to be improved, this supplementation strategy could be of interest to enhance the immune response during a vaccination episode by reducing oxidative stress.

Effect of curcumin dietary supplementation on growth performance, physiology, carcass characteristics and meat quality in lambs

Abstract This study evaluated the effects of curcumin dietary supplementation on growth, physiology, carcass characteristics and meat quality in lambs. Thirty-two male Lacaune lambs (15.6 ± 0.63 kg, 60 ± 2.8 days of age) were randomly allocated in 16 pens (four treatments of four replicates with two lambs each) for 30 days. The animals were assigned to the following treatments: T0, T100, T200 and T300, representing 0, 100, 200 and 300 mg of curcumin/kg of concentrate, respectively. Curcumin dietary supplementation increased (P = 0.02) weight gain; on regression analysis, 315.1 mg curcumin/kg of concentrate was the dosage that provided the greatest weight gain. T200 and T300 lambs had lower (P = 0.04) erythrocytes numbers; T100 and T300 lambs had lower (P = 0.01) leukocyte numbers and T300 lambs had lower (P = 0.04) lymphocyte numbers, compared to T0 lambs. Globulin levels were significantly greater in the T200 group (P = 0.04) only on day 15 but not day 30; levels of total protein were significantly higher (P = 0.01) only in T200 and T300 group on day 15 and only in T200 group on d 30. Gamma-glutamyltransferase concentrations tended to be lower (P = 0.08) in T100, T200 and T300 group on d 15, and only in the T100 group on d 30. Curcumin dietary supplementation increased (P = 0.01) the serum activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduced (P = 0.01) levels of reactive oxygen species. In meat samples, T200 and T300 had greater total antioxidant capacity (P = 0.03) and lower (P = 0.01) lipoperoxidation rates. In carcasses, T300 lambs had greater (P ≤ 0.02) cooling weight losses and yields than did T0 lambs. Curcumin dietary supplementation also reduced (P ≤ 0.03) redness and yellowness. T200 and T300 lambs had fewer (P = 0.01) cooking losses and T200 lambs had greater (P = 0.03) water holding capacity than did T0 lambs. These findings suggest that curcumin dietary supplementation improves growth and antioxidant responses, as well as influencing meat quality in lambs.

Effects of tea tree oil supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune status and microbial community in weaned pigs

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine whether dietary tea tree oil (TTO) supplementation could effectively replace the antibiotics through modulating the antioxidant capacity and intestinal microbiota profile, and then decreasing the diarrhoea incidence and improving the growth performance of weaned pigs. A total of 216 weaned pigs with initial body weights (BW) of 9.19 ± 1.86 kg were randomly allocated to three dietary treatments in a completely randomised design. The dietary treatments included a corn-soybean meal basal diet (CON) without any antibiotics, and two experimental diets formulated by adding 75 mg/kg aureomycin (AGP) or 100 mg/kg TTO into the basal diet, respectively. Pigs fed the TTO diet showed greater gain to feed ratio (p < 0.05) than those fed CON and AGP diets during d 0–14 and d 14–28. Both dietary TTO and AGP supplementation tended to increase the average daily gain of weaned pigs during d 14–28 (p = 0.06) and the overall 28-d period (p = 0.07), and significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the diarrhoea incidence during d 0–14 compared with the CON treatment. In addition, dietary TTO supplementation improved the apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter and ether extract (p < 0.05), and increased (p < 0.05) the propionate and butyrate concentrations in faecal samples of weaned pigs. Moreover, pigs fed the TTO diet showed greater total antioxidant capacity, greater superoxide dismutase and interleukin-10 concentrations, and lower malondialdehyde concentration in serum than those fed the CON diet (p < 0.05). Furthermore, pigs fed the TTO diet demonstrated greater relative abundance of Clostridiaceae_1, while those fed the AGP diet exhibited greater relative abundance of Lactobacillaceae at family level. In conclusion, dietary TTO supplementation could improve growth performance in weaned pigs, which could be mainly attributed to the benefits on nutrient digestibility, antioxidative capacity and microbial community profile.

Addition of yellow strawberry guava leaf extract in the diet of laying hens had antimicrobial and antioxidant effect capable of improving egg quality

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the inclusion of yellow strawberry guava leaf extract (SGLE) as an additive in laying diets on productive performance, immunity, metabolism, and antioxidant response of semi-heavy laying hens (Isa Brown), as well its effects on egg quality. Five treatments with different SGLE levels (0.0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20/kg feed), five repetitions per treatment, and three birds per repetition were used. The addition of increasing levels of SGLE linearly reduced total bacterial count (TBC) in feces. The number of total leukocytes was lower in the blood of chickens that consumed SGLE due to the lower number of heterophiles, eosinophils and lymphocytes. The inclusion of SGLE in the diet stimulated the activity of glutathione S-transferase and reduced serum lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels. A linear effect in the fresh eggs of the chickens that consumed SGLE was observed, that is, we recorded lower TBC and Escherichia coli counts in the shells, as well as greater total antioxidant capacity (ACAP) in the yolk. In eggs stored for four weeks, we founder lower albumen pH and lower LPO of yolks when the birds consumed SGLE, associated with greater specific gravity of the egg and ACAP levels of the yolks. The conclusion of this study was that the inclusion of SGLE produced better quality eggs, characterized by internal oxidative stability and less bacterial contamination in the shell, both of which desirable effects from the standpoint of the consumer.

Soaking with an essential mineral (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn and Se) mixture delays senescence and improves nutrient accumulation in postharvest fruit of Ziziphus jujuba

Abstract Fresh jujube is a healthy climacteric fruit with a high medicinal value. However, it is highly perishable during harvest and storage. In addition, essential minerals (EMs) and antioxidants are indispensable nutrients for human health. In the present study, the effects of an EM mixture (containing 1 mM Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Se) on postharvest jujube fruit senescence, and antioxidant and mineral nutrient accumulation, were investigated. The results showed that soaking with the EM mixture delayed fruit senescence by decreasing the reddening index, coupled with reduced weight loss and decay incidence, and maintained firmness. In addition, greater total antioxidant capacity, as well as higher accumulation of iron, zinc, copper, manganese, selenium and total phenolics, was detected in the EM mixture-treated fruit compared with those in the control. However, the EM-delayed senescence and improved antioxidant capacity could be partly abolished by dimethylthiourea (a specific ROS scavenger) or diphenyleneiodonium chloride (a specific inhibitor of NADPH oxidase (NOX)). Further experiments showed that higher H2O2 levels and NOX activities could be detected in EM-treated fruit compared with those in the control. However, the EM-enhanced H2O2 content and NOX activity were partly attenuated by diphenyleneiodonium chloride. These results showed that the NOX-mediated H2O2 is required for EM-delayed postharvest jujube fruit senescence. Thus, EM soaking provides us a new method to delay postharvest fruit senescence and improve nutrient quality.

Essential Oil Blend Could Decrease Diarrhea Prevalence by Improving Antioxidative Capability for Weaned Pigs.

Simple SummaryAntibiotics have been applied as growth promoters in swine production for many years. Due to increased concern about drug resistance, there is an urgent need to find alternatives to antibiotics for animal production. Present research indicates that essential oils have a beneficial influence on animal nutrition and production due to the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Dietary essential oil supplementation could be an alternative to antibiotics for improving swine production and decreasing diarrhea prevalence during the weaning period.Finding an alternative to in-feed antibiotics is important because of increasing contemporary concern regarding drug residues and the development of drug-resistant bacteria. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that essential oils added to the feed would decrease diarrhea prevalence in post-weaned pigs. Ninety weaned piglets (initial body weight (BW): 8.1 ± 1.4 kg) were randomly assigned to one of three dietary diets: (1) a control diet (CON, the basal diet without antibiotics), (2) an antibiotic diet (AB, CON supplemented with colistin sulfate, 20 mg/kg and bacitracin zinc, 40 mg/kg), or (3) an essential oil diet (EO, CON supplemented with an essential oil blend 100 mg/kg) in a completely randomized block design for a 28-day period. The results revealed that AB and EO improved the average daily gain of the piglets from day (d) 15 to 28 (p < 0.05). The diarrhea prevalence in piglets fed AB and EO was lower than that of piglets fed CON (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the growth performance or diarrhea prevalence between the AB and EO treatments. Nutrient digestibility was measured at d 28. Compared with CON, EO increased the apparent total tract digestibility of gross energy and crude protein (p < 0.05). Villus height in the duodenum and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in the jejunum for piglets fed AB and EO was greater than those for piglets fed CON (p < 0.05). The essential oil blend improved the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), but decreased the 8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine content in serum on d 14 (p < 0.05). Decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl content were observed on d 28 in comparison with CON (p < 0.05). The mucosa in the jejunum of pigs fed EO had greater T-AOC, SOD levels, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities than that of pigs fed CON (p < 0.05). Pigs fed EO and AB had greater GSH-Px activity in the liver tissue than pigs fed CON (p < 0.05). Not only did jejunal and ileal mucosa have EO upregulated SOD1 mRNA expression (p < 0.05), this was also the case in liver tissue. GPx1 expression in the ileal mucosa and GPx4 expression in the liver tissue were higher for pigs fed EO when compared to those fed CON (p < 0.05). Collectively, a dietary essential oil blend supplementation, which has natural antimicrobial properties, could enhance growth performance and decrease diarrhea prevalence in weaned pigs through increases in antioxidative capacity.

Effect of resveratrol-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers supplementation in cryopreservation medium on post-thawed sperm quality and fertility of roosters

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of resveratrol and resveratrol-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) supplementation of semen extender on values for fertility variables of cryopreserved rooster semen. Rooster semen was cryopreserved in modified Beltsville extender containing 0 (control group), resveratrol at 20, 40 and 60 μM and resveratrol-loaded NLC at 20, 40 and 60 μM. After thawing, motility properties, abnormal morphology, viability, membrane functionality, mitochondrial activity, apoptotic status, malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant activities (glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC)) and fertility potential (fertility and hatchability rates) were assessed. Using 40 μM resveratrol and resveratrol-loaded NLC improved total motility. The results indicated that sperm fertility and hatching rate, viability and membrane functionality were greater in the 40 μM resveratrol and resveratrol-loaded NLC compared to control group. The percentage of apoptotic spermatozoa in 40 μM resveratrol and resveratrol-loaded NLC group was less compared with the 60 μM resveratrol, 60 resveratrol-loaded NLC and control groups. Mitochondria activity was greater in the 40 μM resveratrol and resveratrol-loaded NLC extender group compared to 20 and 60 μM resveratrol, 60 resveratrol-loaded, and control groups. Also, the 40 μM resveratrol and resveratrol-loaded NLC extender group had a greater TAC and reduced MDA. Morphology and SOD were not affected by dose of resveratrol. The results indicate supplementation of the modified Beltsville extender with 40 μM resveratrol and resveratrol-loaded NLC resulted in a greater quality of frozen-thawed rooster sperm.

Phytochemical studies, antiangiogenic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of Scyphocephalium ochocoa Warb. (Myristicaceae), medicinal plant from Gabon

BackgroundThe search for new anti-cancer molecules is one of the main concerns of oncology researchers. Scyphocephalium ochocoa is a plant of Myristicaceae family, used in traditional medicine against inflammatory diseases and several types of cancer. It is well established that free radicals, chronic inflammation and angiogenesis play an important role in initiation, tumor progression and metastasis formation. The aim of this study was to carry out a phytochemical screening, to determine the phenolic compounds content, to investigate the antiangiogenic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of water, water-ethanol and ethanol extracts of S. ochocoa.MethodsPhytochemical screening and determination of phenolic compounds content were performed using standard methods. Antiangiogenic activity was assessed using chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model and Drabkin test. Anti-inflammatory activity was estimated by protein denaturation and erythrocyte membrane stabilization method. Finally the antioxidant activity was appreciated by DPPH radical inhibition and phosphomolybdenum assay.ResultsThe results of phytochemical studies show that extracts of bark of S. ochocoa are rich in polyphenols, tannins, flavonoids, proantocyanidins, saponosides, flavonols, flavanonols, sterol and triterpenes. The water extract showed good antiangiogenic activity (IC50 = 1.153 μg/mL). Strong anti-inflammatory activity was observed with all extracts, IC50 ranging from 34.775 ± 2.543 μg/mL to 74.577 ± 3.456 μg/mL for protein denaturation inhibition test and IC50 values ranging from 36.793 ± 0.529 μg/mL at 48.912 ± 0.957 μg/mL for antihemolytic activity. In addition, all extracts showed good antioxidant activity marked by a strong inhibition of the DPPH radical (IC50 ranging from 4.969 ± 0.263 μg/mL to 16.188 ± 0.336 μg/mL and AAI ranging from 3.090 ± 0.065 to 10.080 ± 0.517) and by greater total antioxidant capacity (with contents ranging from 37.654 ± 0.995 to 131.302 ± 1.102 VtCE (mg)/g dry extract).ConclusionUltimately, these results could justify the use of S. ochocoa extracts in traditional medicine in the treatment of diseases related to angiogenesis and cancer, inflammatory diseases and diseases due to oxidative stress. A phyto-product with such a pharmacological profile could be a good candidate for the development of anticancer.

Impact of Polyphenol Supplementation on Acute and Chronic Response to Resistance Training.

Beyer, KS, Stout, JR, Fukuda, DH, Jajtner, AR, Townsend, JR, Church, DD, Wang, R, Riffe, JJ, Muddle, TWD, Herrlinger, KA, and Hoffman, JR. Impact of polyphenol supplementation on acute and chronic response to resistance training. J Strength Cond Res 31(11): 2945–2954, 2017—This study investigated the effect of a proprietary polyphenol blend (PPB) on acute and chronic adaptations to resistance exercise. Forty untrained men were assigned to control, PPB, or placebo. Participants in PPB or placebo groups completed a 4-week supplementation period (phase I), an acute high-volume exercise bout (phase II), and a 6-week resistance training program (phase III); whereas control completed only testing during phase II. Blood draws were completed during phases I and II. Maximal strength in squat, leg press, and leg extension were assessed before and after phase III. The exercise protocol during phase II consisted of squat, leg press, and leg extension exercises using 70% of the participant's strength. The resistance training program consisted of full-body exercises performed 3 d·wk−1. After phase I, PPB (1.56 ± 0.48 mM) had greater total antioxidant capacity than placebo (1.00 ± 0.90 mM). Changes in strength from phase III were similar between PPB and placebo. Polyphenol blend supplementation may be an effective strategy to increase antioxidant capacity without limiting strength gains from training.

Tannase‐treated grape pomace attenuates IL‐1β‐induced inflammation in Caco‐2 cells

Grape pomace (GP) derived from wine production is rich in glycosidic phenolics which may possess a lower bioefficacy than their respective aglycones. Thus, we examined whether GP treated with Paecilomyces variotii tannin acyl hydrolase (tannase) to hydrolyze the ester and the depside bonds between conjugates and phenolics enhances anti‐inflammatory actions in vitro. GP was treated with tannase at 40 °C and pH 5.5 for 5 h. Phenolics in GP and tannase treated GP (GPT) were extracted with 70% methanol in acetate buffer, dried under N2 air, and reconstituted in PBS for tests. GPT contained 45% more quercetin and 71% less quercetin‐3‐O‐rutinoside than GP. Further, GPT had 39% more total phenols than GP and displayed 57, 215, and 12% greater total antioxidant capacity per DPPH, ORAC, and FRAP analyses, respectively. However, GP and GPT at 100 and 200 μg/mL (dry extract wt/v) displayed comparable efficacy in the reduction of ROS production in Caco‐2 cells treated with or without 50 μM AAPH. After 24‐h pretreatment, GPT at 200 μg/mL decreased 20 ng/mL IL‐1β‐induced PGE2 production by 110% and IL‐8 by 83% and down‐regulated NF‐κB activation by 68% relative to controls. GPT was more potent than GP in the amelioration of IL‐1β‐induced inflammation. Therefore, tannase treatment appears to enhance the antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities of grape pomace phenolics and suggests the potential application of this material in food and beverage products.Support or Funding InformationSupported by USDA

Greater Total Antioxidant Capacity from Diet and Supplements Is Associated with a Less Atherogenic Blood Profile in U.S. Adults.

Evidence from epidemiologic studies has shown that total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the diet might be inversely associated with stroke, heart failure, and inflammatory biomarkers. However, studies on the association of TAC from both diet and supplements with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in the U.S. population are lacking. This cross-sectional population-based study aimed to investigate the association of TAC with both diet and supplements with CVD risk factors among 4039 U.S. adults in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2012. TAC from both food sources and dietary supplements was estimated from two 24-h dietary recalls using the NHANES supplement ingredient database, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) proanthocyanidin, flavonoid, and isoflavone databases. Top contributors to TAC were tea, antioxidant supplements, vegetable mixture, orange juice, berries, and wine. Antioxidant supplement users had 1.6 times higher TAC than non-users. Greater TAC was associated with reduced triglycerides (TG) (−1.39% change; 95% CI = −2.56 to −0.21), TG to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio (−2.03% change; 95% CI = −3.45 to −0.60), HDL-C (0.65% change; 95% CI = 0.07 to 1.23), insulin (−1.37% change; 95% CI = −2.64 to −0.09), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (−1.57% change; 95% CI = −3.02 to −0.09) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (−0.83% change; 95% CI = −1.29 to −0.38) after adjusting for potential confounders. There was no significant association between TAC and waist circumference, BMI, blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), and fasting glucose. The findings of this study support the hypothesis that an antioxidant-rich diet and intake of supplements are beneficial to reduce CVD risk.